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Növbəti dərsə keçid və ya cari dərsin davamı səhifənin aşağı hissəsindədir.
Dərs 37: 1/5 - Qrammatika dərsləri. (seçdiyiniz səviyyə: advanced)
Vasitəli nitqdə modal fellər
When there is a modal verb in the original statement, suggestion, etc., it sometimes changes when we report what was said or thought. The changes are summarised here:
modal verb in original |
modal verb in report |
could, would, should, might, needn't, ought to, used to, could have, should have, etc. |
could, would, should, might, needn't, ought to, used to, could have, should have, etc. (i.e.no change) |
will, can, may |
would, could, might |
shall |
would, should (offers, suggestions, etc.) |
must (= necessity) |
must or had to |
We sometimes use a modal verb in a report when there is no modal verb in the original:
- 'You're not allowed to smoke here.' -> She told me that I mustn't smoke there.
- 'My advice is to look for a new job now.' -> She said that I should look for a new job now.
The verbs could, would, should, might, needn't, ought to, used to, and could have, should have, etc. don't change in the report:
- 'I could meet you at the airport.' -> He said that he could meet us at the airport.
- 'You should have contacted me earlier.' -> She said I should have contacted her earlier.
Will usually changes to would, can to could, and may to might. However, if the situation we are reporting still exists or is still in the future and the verb in the reporting clause has a present tense, we use will, can, and may in the reported clause (32-ci dərsə bax). Compare:
- 'I'll be in Paris at Christmas.' -> She tells me she'll be in Paris at Christmas, and
- 'Careful! You'll fall through the ice!' -> I warned him he would fall through the ice.
If the situation we are reporting still exists or is still in the future and the verb in the reporting clause has a past tense, then we can use either would or will, can or could, or may or might in the reported clause:
- 'The problem can be solved.' -> They said the problem can/could be solved.
When shall is used in the original to talk about the future, we use would in the report:
- 'I shall (I'll) call you on Monday.' -> She told me she would call me on Monday.
However, when shall is used in offers, requests for advice and confirmation, etc. then we can use should in the report, but not shall or would:
- 'Where shall I put this box?' -> He asked where he should put the box.
When must is used in the original to say that it is necessary to do something, we can usually use either must or had to in the report, although had to is more natural in speech:
- 'You must be home by 9 o'clock.' -> She said I must/had to be home by 9 o'clock.
However, when must is used in the original to conclude that something (has) happened or that something is true, then we use must, not had to, in the report:
- 'I keep forgetting things. I must be getting old.' -> Neil said he must be getting old.
If mustn't is used in the original, we can use mustn't in the report but not didn't have to:
- 'You mustn't tell my brother.' -> He warned me that I mustn't tell his brother.
